Commodity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commodity - Essay Example Since 2007, according to Park (p8), milk prices have been on the decline, which has been a welcome development for milk consumers but a bad sign for the economy and a caution signal for a potential slowdown. Prices started going down during the 2002-03 and 2009 recessions, but later went up in 2001, 2004, 2007, and last year. However, in recent times, the prices of milk have been slowly and gradually declining since arriving at a historical peak in September 2011, going down to nearly 4% at the retail level and almost 25% of late at the distributer level (Park 9). Currently, the price of one gallon of milk is $3.86, which is still high by historical standards, but they will definitely go down as the demand also goes down (Catlette & Hadden, 261). Between March and April 2012, the milk future contract has gone up by 6%, but it is expected to go down because of a milk cow head that s larger than expected. A domestic economy that is sluggish is not always good for milk prices, so the gradual decline of the price from 2007 to date is a warning sign that the national economy is on shaky ground. Currently, milk products exports are estimated at 13% of production (Catlette & Hadden, 262), meaning that the low prices may be assign of a reduced demand for milk and its products n the global market. In spite of the maturity of the global market for the consumption of milk and its products, it has continued to grow both in terms of the retail volume and in terms of its value from 2007 to date. Milk consumption rose in emerging markets, giving support to worldwide volumes, as more wealthy consumers moved from consuming unprocessed milk to one that is processed, including milk products. In the mean time, the growth in real time retail value that is stronger has risen from a combination of higher costs of producing milk and an increase in demand for milk

New spirit in the west Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New spirit in the west - Essay Example The renaissance spread northwards leading to the transformation of monarchies that sought to bolster their authority. Some of the greatest achievements from the new spirit in the west are seen in fields such as architecture, arts and literature (Bartlett 41). The movement also influenced diplomatic, military and political strategies. It is important to note that the movement neglected the poor leading to the proliferation of poverty. The period of the new spirit in the west acted as a break from the middle age. It is important to note that Europe was progressing towards modernity. This paper argues that the new spirit in the west was a period of rapid change during which people turned to realism and individualism rather than medieval values of authority, community or hierarchy. Western civilization influences people all over the world. The western world has played a critical role in the development of social, ideological, political and economical processes and systems. A hallmark of western civilization is the power to transform through association with people. The age of renaissance marked the start of institutionalization of politics and the development of commercial economies (Sherman and Joyce 23). The period encouraged arts, education and music with the aim of moving away from traditional practices to modern practices. One of the main characteristics of the period was the development of new beliefs and inventions. Renaissance first started in Italy in cities such as Venice, Milan and Florence. These cities emerged as centers of commercial developments during the 12th and 13th century. The emergence of renaissance enabled the cities to expand into mercantile societies that contrasted with other traditional societies found in medieval Europe. Another change that was witnessed in these cities was the movement from Christian perspectives or interpretations (Sherman and Joyce 29). Renaissance rejected medieval

Child Labour in India: Effects on Education

Child Labour in India: Effects on Education Growing up, I truly believed that every child had the same advantages I did: clothes, books, toys, food, a home, and most importantly, the chance to go to school. I remember the first time I realized this wasnt the case: I was seven years old, sneaking downstairs to watch Saturday morning T.V when I stumbled upon an infomercial urging people to donate on behalf of World Vision. I remember the commercial showing a little girl, approximately six years old and explaining how she went to work at a factory every day for little to no compensation. I was bewildered to say the least; I thought every child went to school. Naturally, this prompted several unanswered questions to my parents, and a general curiosity as to why there is this unequal divide between the affluent and those who are forced to work from as young as five years old. Child Labour is undoubtedly present in countries such as India. I am curious to research the implications on the life of a child worker in India- specifically the implications on said childs education. Child labour, according to Free the Children (2005), is seen as work that is done by children under the age of fifteen (fourteen in some developing countries) which restricts or damages a childs physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth (Free the Children 2005). Currently, it is estimated that there are upwards of 12.6 million child workers in India today, which is the largest number of child labourers under the age of 14 in the world. (CBC 2005: 2) Through my research, I intend to show that the employment of children, though used to advance the production of goods ultimately impacts a childs ability to access education. I will argue this thesis by providing a brief history of the child labour laws in India, as well as providing a quotation by the Indian government describing the thoughts and laws concerning child labour. I intend to juxtapose this testimonial with one given by UNICEF, an international organization that is dedicated to ending child labour in t he global south. I then intend to show the impacts of child labour on developmental indicators such as education. India is currently one of the countries described in the Free the Children quotation that attempts to enforce child labour laws for children less than fourteen years of age. In 1979, the Indian Government formed the Gurupadswamy Committee; a committee that was formed in the hopes of suggesting measures to end child labour. While the Government has put forward several goals towards the end of child labour, it is recognizably a difficult endeavour. On the Indian Government Website, it states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦poverty is the root cause of child labour [and] the action plan emphasizes the need to cover these children and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) From this quote, it is clear that the Government of India recognizes that the amount of poverty in India is a determining factor in the amount of child labourers in the country. In a CBC article, The End is within Reach? (2005), speaks of the relationship between poverty and child labour in India, s uggesting that one cannot exist without the other. If this is the case, and if the Indian government considers reducing and eventually eliminating child labour a concern and goal, then it becomes necessary to consider the factors that lead to poverty in India before pursuing the elimination of child labour. A law enacted in 1986, based upon the recommendations of the Gurupadswamy Committee, states that children less than fourteen years of age cannot be employed in hazardous occupations. (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) Hazardous occupations, according the Government, refers to any work that involves unsafe activities or working conditions, and includes such activities as operating transportation vehicles, work that involves proximity to a railway line and work that involves handing toxic and hazardous substances. These are only some examples of hazardous occupations that are part of an expanding list. Since this law, several others, for example the Legislative Action Plan, a plan for enforcing Child Labour laws in India, have been enacted and are now referred to as The National Policy on Child Labour. According to the 2005 Indian Census, the National Child Labour Projects now covers 41% of the country. The Indian Government, in the attempt to enact long term legislative changes on the subject of child labour, acknowledges that these changes will take time to fully come into effect. The Government also acknowledges that the amount of poverty in India is a definite factor to this debate in that the revenue gained from the work of children is necessary income to their families welfare. UNICEF is one of the organizations, governmental and non-governmental, that has taken a strong interest into the affairs of the millions of children currently being employed in India. UNICEF sees child labour as a violation against a childs right to education. They are of the opinion that, though the Indian Government has implemented such efforts as the National Child Labour Projects- more commonly referred to as NCLP-intervention by organizations in the pursuit of partnerships with the national, as well as state governments are necessary. They believe that in order for a child to have a nurturing childhood, they need to build a protective environment in which children can live and develop according to their fundamental rights. (UNICEF 2007) .UNICEF provides three examples of intervention plans in order to provide children with fundamental rights that they see as lacking due to working from a young age. Their primary focus is to promote a childs right to basic education; second is th e implementing of community initiatives in order to empower communities to be active against child labour; and thirdly addressing [the] existing attitudes towards child labour and facilitat[ing] peoples behavioural change towards a more protective environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) Through such projects and initiatives such as the World Day against Child Labour, these groups aim to raise awareness in the hopes of ending child labour. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines child labour as follows: the official definition of child labour asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(1) activity which violates the minimum standards of the 1973 Minimum Age Convention, and (2) activity which is considered prohibited child labour under national law. (Simolin 2000: 942) The ILO runs the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), which was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour (ILO 2008). Currently they have partnerships with several NGOs, as well as the governments of nations where child labour is prominent. With their partnerships, IPEC and their partners have operations in 88 countries, including India. They believe that child labour perpetuates poverty, and have therefore come up with several priorities to combat the worst forms of child labour (ILO 2008), such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage, as well as practices of slavery, amongst others . IPEC is also in partnership with UNICEF and assists in the annual World Day against Child Labour. In recent years another form of child labour has risen in India. Bonded Child Labour refers to the phenomenon of children working in conditions of servitude in order to pay off a debt. In India, there are an estimated fifteen million bonded child labourers, and possibly more. (Tucker 1997: 574) According to Lee Tucker, author of Child Slaves in Modern India: The Bonded Labour Problem (1997), bonded child labour occurs as a result of the Government spending less than half its budget on primary education, spending it instead on high school and secondary education institutes. As a result, India is subsidizing the maintenance of a small class of highly educated people, while simultaneously marginalizing the literacy needs of the majority. (Tucker 1997: 576) Secondly, is the lack of employment opportunities for children who have gone to school, which therefore not only makes working in the labour industry a more alluring choice, as well as a last-resort option for children and their famil ies. In this same report, author Lee Tucker also addresses the myths surrounding all areas of child labour in India, specifically that of the nimble fingers: Nimble fingers theory is applied to some of the harshest industries employing children. This includes the carpet, silk, beedi  [1]  , and silver industries. This theory asserts that children make the best product in these occupations, thanks to their small and agile fingers, which are, theoretically, better able to tie the tiny knots of wool, unravel the thread from the boiling silk cocoons, or solder tiny silver flowers to thin chains. Under this view, child labour is a production necessity. (Tucker 1997: 570) Tucker believes that this myth makes it so that more children ultimately sign up for labour positions, as children are encouraged to view their bodies are a needed commodity. This then creates a situation where more children are forced to work long-term; in an environment that can be highly exploitative, as well as emotionally and physically harsh. Another myth surrounding child labour is the need to be trained at the right age, which is usually around six or seven. This myth contends that children who go to schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦will either be unable to adequately learn a skill or will be at an irreparable disadvantage in comparison with those who did begin working as younger children. (Tucker, 1997: 577) By this quotation, Tucker discusses the implications behind the choice to attend school from a young age and how that decision can affect a childs schooling, and by extension literacy, as well as choosing job opportunities and that childs marketability into later life. In Child Labour and Education for All, Lorenzo Guarcello (2008) argues that when children are forced to work, it is a direct violation to their right to education. Guarcello states: Education is a key element in the prevention of child labour; at the same time, child labour is one of the main obstacles to Education For All (EFA). Understanding the interplay between education and child labour is therefore critical to achieving both EFA and child labour elimination goal. (Guarcello 2008) Guarcello continues to say that there is an overwhelming consensus among such organizations, such as UNICEF and the International Labour Organization that the single best means of stopping child labour is to improve school access and quality (Guarcello 2008) When education costs are high, families are less likely to send to send their children to school, and are more likely to pull them out of school at a young age. The costs involved in a childs education can be high for a number of reasons, such as a countrys minimal investment in primary education, living costs being too high in areas surrounding schools and the unavailability of public transportation for the majority. Additionally, school fees can be incredibly pricey, and therefore school cannot be an option for some families. Guarcello continues in his analysis of child labour and the relationship to education in reflecting on a child workers ability to attend school in countries where child labour is common. He identifies the work settings that he believes are the most detrimental to a child workers attendance (Guarcello 2008) and by extension success in the education system. Firstly are children that are solely responsible for non-economic, household duties. These children, according to Guarcello, are the least impacted in terms of school attendance, as their duties can be more flexible and less binding than economical work. Additionally, families are less likely to interfere with their childs education. The second category of working children is broken up into three groups: children that will never enter school, children who enrol late into their childhoods and those who are forced to leave school early. Children who are never enrolled in primary school are the worst off, says Guarcello, as they are de nied the benefit of formal education altogether, and therefore constitutes a particular policy priority (Guarcello 2008). The Third and final category of child workers are those that attend classes irregularly. Though these groups differ in terms of how much school is actually missed, Guarcello believes that the lack of schooling is ultimately a determent to the learning of a child, as a working child is less likely to learn at school due to the irregularity and lack of repetition that comes from attending class on a daily basis. Furthermore, child labour does not only affect a childs ability to getting to school, but also their ability to absorb material, thereby learning effectively, while at school. To sum up his findings, Guarcello states that his findings supported the notion that child labour, both economic work, as well as household duties is a detriment to a childs education, and suggests that more work should be done to integrate more child workers into the education system . In addition to putting a greater effort into incorporating more child workers into the education systems, some scholars believe that more work needs to be done in western nations if child labour should be eliminated. In Buying out Child Labour, Stà ©phanie Pallage and Christian Zimmermann (2007) discuss their views concerning child labour. Through economical calculations, these authors suggest that countries that trade with the West ultimately have a high comparative advantage in the production of goods if they choose to pay children minimal compensation. Due to the low cost of employing children, the product efficiency is high because these companies can sell these goods at a cheap rate and at the same time, pay their workers close to nothing. A solution, according to these authors, is for countries, such as India, to shift a portion of their GDP to reinvest into their own economy as well as education sectors, and to slowly attempt at distancing themselves from trading nations. In conclusion, the material that I reviewed largely supports the notion that that child labour, in terms of both economic work, as well as household duties serves largely as a detriment to a childs education. Child labour does not only affect a childs ability to getting to school, but also their ability to absorb material, thereby learning effectively. Moreover, families who are in an economic state where they require their children to work are less likely to afford the necessary costs involved in a childs education such as transportation, a uniform, supplies, as well as tuition. However, the impacts of going to school versus a childs work involvement remained largely unanswered in the literature I reviewed. More research needs to be done in this field in order for any solution to be successful. Additionally, more programs that integrate child workers into education systems should arise in India in order for current child workers to have the opportunity for literacy. Although the Indian Government has successfully enacted laws, such as The National Child Labour Projects to protect their minors from hazardous working environments, more time is needed in order for these laws to be enforced to serve the entire country. The partnerships between the state and such organizations as UNICEF and IPEC, through their mission to end child labour, should continue to work closely in order to enable more children the opportunity for an education. However, if these missions are to be successful, they should ensure the proper research as to Indias reasoning for employing child workers and understanding the broader implications behind the need for child workers before suggesting such solutions. As for the more economic solutions, being the reinvestment of GDP into national markets and distancing from international trading nations; I believe that more time, as well as more planning is needed before cutting off all economic ties with the international corporations, as the disruptions could easily provide huge detriments to Indias economic sector. Perhaps India could begin with reinvesting more into primary education, while remaining an international trading nation, and slowly progress to becoming economically independent. In terms of initiatives intended to raise awareness, such as the World Day against Child Labour, there needs to be included the same research into Indias reasoning for employing children stated clearly on the websites of organizations, rather than just a statement that it is simply a cruel practice against children going against childs rights. If awareness in western citizens is the goal of these initiatives, then a more inclusive report on child labour in India is needed in order for the issue to be fully understood.

The Theory of Human Development :: Papers

What makes a person what they are? Why does a person do what they do? Where does personality come from and how does it grow? These are some frequently asked questions when discussing the topic of personality. The latter of the questions is actually an answer in itself. Personality does originate from a specific point, and from then on it continues to grow and become exponentially more complex. This core point from which personality begins and the growth of it will be discussed in the sections to follow, but first we must look at certain assumptions that are commonly made when developing a personality theory. Assumptions The first of these assumptions concerns whether one believes that the behaviors, any type of action, a person exhibits are produced by conscious choices and decisions, also known as free will, or "determined" by forces beyond one's control. I believe in the free will explanation, but not the type of free will commonly imagined. Humans do ultimately have the power to choose their actions, however the extreme influence of other factors, such as heredity, environment, and learned behaviors, may make it seem like a persons actions were predetermined. For example, if a starving people were put into positions where they could either eat a Subway turkey round placed in front of them or just sit there and stare and stare at it, common sense shows that these people would eat. However, it is possible that one person, like an anorexic, would just sit and stare at the sandwich. For that reason, it can be assumed that human beings do have free will, however the choices made are greatly impacted and seemingly determined by inherited basic needs, environment, and learned behaviors. This leads us into a second assumption, rationalism or irrationalism. Do human beings operate primarily on the basis of intellect, or on the basis of impulses and passions? The answer is the latter theory. Going back to the Subway example, the most likely decision on whether or not to eat the turkey round would be based on an irrational impulse in one's subconscious. The basic physiological need of food has a profound influence on the given choice. But note that this is only the most likely response and not a definite one. There is always the chance that a person could make a conscious, rational decision not to eat. Because a people ultimately do have some sort of a conscious decision over their actions, it cannot be assumed that behavior is solely determined by irrational impulses.

Hiv And Aids In Africa Health And Social Care Essay

While there is no remedy, drug interventions can widen the lives of people with AIDS. It can be prevented by a committedness to poverty decrease, betterments in instruction, health care, nutrition and sanitation. AIDS is treatable and preventable and is under control in developed counties, but non in Africa.Background on AfricaMany of us know that Africa is a hapless, hungering state, but non much more. The legion states of Africa have been inundated with war for old ages which has left it extremely hapless. In fact, the one-year income is $ 400 – $ 700. It is out of the inquiry for a individual to be able to afford intervention. The bigger issue seen by the African authorities is famishment and has been the overpowering job long earlier AIDS appeared. Therefore AIDS instruction is non ranked high on their precedence list. It is estimated that bar plans reach less than one in five of those who need them ( Kaiser Foundation ) . Increasing demand for wellness attention services is overpowering. At the same clip, they are losing big Numberss of wellness attention workers to AIDS. In some African states, it is estimated that AIDS causes up to one half of all deceases among employees in the public wellness sector, . ( Kaiser Foundation ) . The African civilization besides plays a function in doing the war on HIV more hard. â€Å" Multiple sex spouses are expected as portion of cultural look, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) , which increases transmittal because the parties are incognizant they are HIV infected.Summary on AIDSAIDS is an infection that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , which destroys the organic structure ‘s immune system. AIDS can be acquired in a batch of different ways and finally leads to decease. A few of the ways are being injected with used acerate leafs, infected blood transfusions, unprotected sex, and contact with a individual ‘s blood who has AIDS. In add-on, a female parent can infect her babe while pregnant, during bringing through contact with female parent ‘s blood or organic structure fluids, and after birth through chest eating. All of the literature points to the Sub-Saharan in Africa as being the most devastated by the disease with â€Å" more than 75 % of deceases were AIDS related in 2007, † ( Africa Action ) . The impact on adult females is even higher. â€Å" Women represent more than half ( 59 % ) of all grownups populating with HIV/AIDS, † ( Kaiser Foundation ) . This is in portion because of the cultural outlooks of multiple sex spouses and their low socioeconomic position. â€Å" A study from the United Nations says that AIDS will kill half of all 15 twelvemonth olds in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa by 2012 if something is non done shortly, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . Some of the literature estimates that in twenty old ages the population in countries of Africa could diminish by half. The impact on life anticipation is change by reversaling the additions made during the last century. â€Å" By 2010, life anticipations in several highly-affected states could drop to below 40 old ages, good below what they would hold been without HIV/AIDS and even below degrees they had reached in the pre-AIDS epoch, † ( Kaiser Foundation ) .Impact of AIDSAdvantages of chest eating in destitute states, such as Africa, are significant. However, these advantages must be balanced against the hazard of go throughing HIV to the babes through chest milk if the female parents have the virus ; unluckily the bulk of female parents do n't cognize that they are infected. In some countries of Africa, more than 30 per centum of female parents have HIV. If an HIV positive adult female takes no preventive drugs and breastfeeds so the opportunity of her babe going infected is around 20-45 % . Modern drugs are extremely effectual at forestalling HIV transmittal during gestation, labour and bringing. When combined with other intercessions including expression eating, a complete class of intervention can cut the hazard of transmittal to below 2 % . Even where resources are limited, a individual dosage of medical specialty given to fuss and pamper can cut the hazard in half. Testing is the first measure in forestalling HIV transmittal. Rapid HIV trial provide consequences in 15 proceedingss and supply information that allow preventive steps during childbearing such as cesarian subdivision and non interrupting the female parent ‘s H2O. However, supplying proving and drug intervention to everyone who needs it requires more clip and preparation than is presently available in most states. ( Avert ) Childs are being left as orphans because their parents are deceasing from AIDS. Even more astonishing is the fact that many of these kids will besides decease from AIDS. Often both of the parents are HIV positive in Africa. As a consequence, more kids have been orphaned by AIDS in Africa than anyplace else. As parents die and kids are sent to relations for attention and upbringing the family dissolves. AIDS strips households of their assets and income earners, doing the hapless poorer. ( Avert ) . Significant injury and adversity occur for kids affected by HIV and AIDS. The epidemic non merely causes kids to lose their parents but sometimes their childhood every bit good. As parents and household members become sick, kids take on more duty to gain an income, bring forth nutrient, and attention for household members. It is harder for these kids to entree equal nutrition, basic wellness attention, lodging and vesture. Fewer households have the money to direct their kids to school. As projections of the figure of AIDS orphans rise, there are treatments of an addition demand for institutional attention for kids. However this solution is non merely expensive but besides damaging to the kids. Institutionalisation shops up jobs for society, which is sick equipped to get by with an inflow of immature grownups who have non been socialised in the community in which they have to populate. In the last decennary, there has been a dramatic addition in the figure of immature kids who have died because of HIV/AIDS transmitted to them by their parents. The uneducated are four times more likely to believe that there is no manner to avoid AIDS and three times more likely to be incognizant that the virus can be transmitted from female parent to child. Hardest hit by HIV/AIDS is the on the job age population. The loss of these workers in bend affects Africa ‘s ability to react to the epidemic. AIDS claims the lives of instructors and contributes to serious instructor deficits in several African states. The instruction sector has been weakened through its impact on school attending and registration among kids affected by HIV/AIDS. Teacher shortages in African states have resulted as AIDS claims lives.Global AidFunding which is being provided is non plenty. â€Å" Experts topographic point the cost of incorporating the epidemic to be about $ 4 billion, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . There are four chief support watercourses: the US authorities initiated President ‘s Plan for Emergency AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR ) ; the United Nations bureau called the Global Fund to contend AIDS ; the private sector ; and domestic disbursement. The US provides about half of the support for the battle against AIDS through PEPFAR. But PEPFAR is under-funded, and it merely provides support to 12 states in Africa, go forthing three-fourthss of the continent out of the image. It is being revised t o extinguish the accent on sexual abstention and spread outing the usage of generic drugs. The Global Fund is criticized for taking excessively long for the money to make the people that need it. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have provided the most significant of private contributions to the Global Fund.DecisionThere is an AIDS epidemic in Africa, specifically in the Sub-Saharan country and it is clearly non anyplace near to going under control. The chief ground seems to be that Africans are holding unprotected sex. Many people are non educated about the menace of AIDS so they have unprotected sex. It makes sense they do non believe AIDS exists and therefore, do non take steps to protect themselves from the disease. In add-on, the infirmaries are deficient and reuse acerate leafs and do non hold medical equipment to test blood for disease which consequences in septic blood transfusions. The epidemic can be helped if people receive instruction and medical intervention. Drugs demand to be available for everyone who has AIDS. The support to assist is going more focussed on what needs to be done so that AIDS can shortly be brought under control. The people need to be better educated about AIDS and what it can make to them. An full coevals is being devastated by the depredations of this disease.

Automated Highway System

As described and depicted in Sci-fi futuristic films like I, Robot, Minority Report and Star Wars, the Automated Highway System (AHS) features an automatically controlled transportation system that is meticulously interlaced with the highway system.   The principal idea of AHS is to remove the driving operation from human control and assign it to the vehicle, which in turn collaborates with the highway system to perform such function.Thus, the concept of AHS involves technology that can be classified into three groups namely, intelligent technology on board the vehicle, intelligent technology in the road, and communication technologies that link or connect the vehicles to road.   Communication facilitates interactivity and information exchange between vehicle and highway infrastructure and action is undertaken by user/ vehicle in an automated fashion.   (Ioannou, p183)AHS technology for vehicle auto-control accentuates on how automobiles can routinely detect road driving barrie rs especially other vehicles, the track course, traffic management rules, as well as internal engine problems so that the vehicle can instinctively make the proper steering, turning, braking, lane changing, stopping and other related movements involved in driving.The current trend under this heading is the blending of car and computer technology.   On-board PC promises latent flexible innovations which include internet communications, car operation (sound, air-conditioning and navigating through voice) and paging, etc. (The Economist)Current technology leading towards this end includes the intelligent cruise control system which use radar or laser to sense vehicles along its driving path that commands vehicle to decelerate or accelerate as needed or allowed; the driver status monitoring which reveals driver status i.e. consciousness levels, stare direction, driving skill, etc. in another vehicle to warn other drivers on the road; collision notification that forewarns or notifies d rivers for potential crash or collision accidents with other cars; navigation assistance systems such as traffic and traveler information and on board diagnostics system that detects potential vehicle malfunction in advance, among others. (Cheon)AHS technology for highway control include traffic monitoring for traffic management, highway and incident surveillance technologies of which there are intrusive (pneumatic road tube, inductive loop detectors, piezoelectric sensors, magnetic sensors and weight in motion) and non intrusive technologies (video image processor, microwave radar, infrared, ultrasonic and passive acoustic array sensors (Vehicle Detector Clearing House), and lane tracking and positioning, among others.Finally, technology for the seamless communication of the vehicle and road infrastructure is necessary for the integration, collaboration and connectivity of the system’s operations. The focus of research on communications technology is the improvement in the p rovision of real time, reliable data communications among vehicles and between vehicles and highway infrastructure.The global positioning system (GPS) is a promising technology for transportation communications for the fulfillment of AHS. It utilizes satellites rotating around the earth that pick up radio signals from users to calculate and determine their exact position including latitude, longitude and altitude. (Helms)The multifaceted potential benefits of AHS to the ordinary citizens, the transportation sector, and the general economy are both vast and profound. By removing the human component in driving and its penchant to errors, driving safety will be significantly improved. Factors such as fog, darkness and other severe weather conditions that can disturb visibility and directly impact driving performance can be eliminated.Since driving is automated, it affords people free time for productive activities during travel such as studying and reading as well as leisure for playin g, sleeping or relaxing.     For the elderly, the disabled and other people who do not know how to drive, driving skill is no more a hindrance to travel and mobility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Travel time is also expected to be reduced because of free flow travel conditions as the traffic management system will control and balance the speed of cars depending on the congestion of highway used at that time. (Ferlis)

Preston Tucker essays

Preston Tucker essays Preston Tucker was man who revolutionized car design in the late 1940s, only to have his innovation squelched by the "big three" automakers in a legal battle between him and powerful political lobbies. The movie follows a trend very similar to what may still occur today, when dealing with marketing and mainstreaming an innovation. Tucker faced several hardships that point towards market barriers that need to be identified and analyzed in order to improve the success rate of an innovation. When Tucker began to visualize the conceptual model of his car, concerns of brand loyalty came to mind. The importance of how the consumer perceived his car, led to further progress in the development of his innovation. The flashy appearance and aerodynamic shape appealed to the population as it represented a car of the future. His attempt to advertise the car proved fruitful by the positive response that it received. Tucker faced a more challenging situation when it came to cost advantages. How cost effective would it be to produce the car on a larger scale? Preston Tucker had chosen to initially produce his prototype in a barn and eventually selected the largest warehouse in the nation for his full scale production. His main problem was with the availability of raw materials. Suppliers preferred to stay faithful to the Big Three car manufacturers rather then supply smaller quantities to Tucker. Another hurdle that followed was the capital requirements. Initially fifty thousand dollars was the production cost for each car that Tucker would produce. Keeping in mind that this was the forties for which such a price was more than just expensive. Preston Tucker had no money to front for his prototype and as a result required the financial backing and trust from an investment bank who in turn demanded that someone with a more reputable background in the automotive industry, run the business. This even ...

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide Cause and Effect Essay Topics Definition of a Cause and Effect Essay All objects, events and phenomena – everything in this world is connected. Some connections are obvious for us, but we do not even have an idea about many of them. Even if it’s not visible or obvious in the beginning, every cause has its outcomes. One of the written tasks for a student is a cause and effect essay. When designing one, a student has to describe one event/object/phenomenon and present its outcomes. In our guide you will find useful tips on how to write an ace cause and effect essay. The goal of this kind of essay is to help the student develop their analytical skills. It is done through exploration and analysis of a given decision or event and definition of its results. It means that your essay should be logically structured, and show that you know a lot about the topic you write about. Through this essay students express the connection between different things. A student is to provide the process of how a decision/phenomenon/event influences the writer themselves, other people, and other events. When writing a cause and effect essay a student not only has to describe the cause and its effects but also answer two questions Why? and How?. Skills Students Develop When Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Every task has its purpose. Not always writing an essay is a pleasure. Quite often students do it just because they have to do it. However, the execution of this task will give you benefits not only in the form of a good grade. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you develop a number of skills: Writing skills. The more you write, the more efforts you invest in your work, the better you become. Organizational skills. If you approach things you need to do when you are organized you do them better. Writing this essay you will help yourself become more organized. How? You learn how to organize the information you have in a logical order. You may have lots of different effects of one event, but you need to put them in the right sequence, define the level of their significance. Such an approach will help your reader understand the subject better. Accuracy about details. Being attentive to details helps us in many situations. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you do not need to describe things obvious for everyone. You should aim at going deeper into details and notice what others cannot see. This will make your essay extremely interesting. Objective thinking. When you write a cause and effect essay you should put your emotions and your personal attitudes away. Thinking objectively is what you should do completing this task – providing facts and their reasonable outcomes. What to Write About Same like other types of essays, this one can tell about anything in our world. Things, people, events, actions that surround you every day can become a great topic for your cause and effect essay. Everything has its reasons and outcomes and it means you are unlimited in your choice of topic. Some of the areas of interest include: events in the world historical events politics social life ecological issues technologies relationships between people family life education healthcare science Cause and Effect Essay Structure Despite essays may have different goals and styles, all of them have a certain structure. Structure is what helps the writer distribute the entire information logically, highlight key points and make the essay easy to read. The structure includes introductory part, body part and conclusion. Being aware of the essay structure helps students compiling an outline of their paper. Outline or a plan helps to keep strict to the topic of your essay and provide information in the right order. A typical outline for a cause and effect essay contains: Introductory part in which you should strive to attract the attention of your audience, describe the topic you will be talking further and present the benefits of your audience from reading your essay. In this part you give your thesis. Body where you provide causes and effects of the event/phenomenon you write about. This is central and biggest in volume part of your essay. You should normally divide into several paragraphs. Their number would depend on the quantity of facts you have. It is possible to use different approaches: first, you name causes first and provide their effects afterwards; second, you give one cause and its outcome, and so on. Conclusive part. This is last but not the least part in your cause and effect essay. This is the last thing your readers will read in your essay this is why it should be written well to leave a good impression. In conclusion you summarize everything you said before, indicate the significance of your topic, and insert call for action. Different Outlines It should be obvious for you by now that making a good outline is the direct path to writing a winning composition. All the parts of the essay should be logically linked and have good reasoning. Depending on the essay topic and the materials you have your outlines can be different. Multiple Causes Lead to One Outcome If the event you describe had multiple causes that all together lead to one outcome, your essay outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 cause 2 cause 3 (or more) Effects Conclusive part Example: Topic: Poor sanitation, disease and undercooked food as causes of diarrhea. The outcomes can be different: from intoxication to death. One Cause Leads to Many Outcomes Quite often students are asked to describe one event/decision/phenomenon that caused multiple effects. I this case the outline should be as follows: Introductory part Body part: effect 1 effect 2 cause 3 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: Corruption in government leads to country’s overborrowing. The results can be many: decrease in wages, increase in taxes, increased cost of living, etc. Multiple Causes Lead to Multiple Outcomes Another format of this type of essay when the topic a student has to describe had multiple reasons that lead to multiple effects. Such essays can be rather difficult to write because a student has to be much focused on the details, stick to logical structure and not miss anything important. In this case the outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 effect 1 leading to cause 2 effect 2 leading to cause 3 effect 3 leading to cause 4 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: A large number of road accidents are caused by drunken drivers. The effects can be multiple: road accident may lead to death of people, their death will cause their relatives to grief. Another line of outcomes is that drunken drivers may be fined, imprisoned. Another line of outcomes is the damage to the vehicle. Tips for Writing a Winning Cause and Effect Essay Obtaining new skills and talking on the subject you like can be cool. However, process of composing a cause and effect composition causes stress in many students. The tips below will help you stay cool and ease the writing process: Differentiate between cause and effect. It is unlikely you will not be able to differentiate between causes and effects, but still give it a minute to see what the catalyst is and what the consequences are. Conduct research. Whatever your topic is, no matter how good you know it, you have to conduct research. Read additional information, find out the opinion of other authors on this topic, try to expand your limits and look at the issue at different angle. Logical connections. The effects you provide have to be strongly and directly connected to the causes. If you are uncertain and there are no proofs of the connection between an effect and a cause it is better to leave it. Make quality your preference. Analyze the depth and strength of the link between a cause and effect. If it is vague, do not include it in your essay. It is better to write less but give good support to your words, than pile lots of information without good reasoning. Choose your method. The methods of presenting information were provided above. See what kind of information you have, what type of event/phenomenon/decision you describe, thus you will be able to present information in logical order. Transit from one point to another smoothly. Remember, all the parts of your essay should be connected between each other. Transition words will help you make the transition smooth: because, due to, resulting from this, etc. Provide proofs. All your words should be supported by good evidences. It is not enough just to say this effect was caused by this. Do not exaggerate. Do not try to increase the impact of your essay by exaggeration. Provide only proven facts. Put emotions away. In a cause and effect essay you should not provide your personal attitude to something. The aim is to provide facts and stay objective about your judgment. Stick to your purpose. When you write a cause-effect composition your aim is providing your audience with the information about effects of a certain cause/causes. You should not try to pursue your reader in certain point of view. Winning Topics for a Cause and Effect Essay In some cases topic for essays are provided by supervisors. However, quire often students are free to come up with the topics on their own. This can be a bit stressful, this is why we have prepared a list of winning topics in different subjects. Good Topics What causes voter apathy? What are the effects of parents divorce on a child? Can relationships be affected by abortion? What are the reasons for poverty in America? What makes obesity increase in the US? Do violent video games affect children’s psyche? What are the effects of being addicted to sports? Why more and more students drop education and what it will lead to? Why people spend more money on online shopping? What is the impact of technologies on human society? What effects does feminism have on marriage? What causes air pollution of what are the consequences? Relationships and Family What are the reasons for cheating on your partner? What can living together before marriage lead to? How does growing up in a one-parent family affect us? What is the impact of spending holidays together for family relationships? Destructive relationships between siblings: causes and effects Environment Is there one decisive factor for environment changes? Does human intrusion into nature have positive or negative effect on our planet? What causes climatic catastrophes? Human intrusion on planet: good or bad? What are the possible consequences of global warming? Social Life How is community affected by frequent violence? Is real life communication influenced by social networks? Why there are so many poor people in big cities? What effect does lack of freedom have on people? Living in poor housing: possible effects Technology How is youth affected by internet? How modern technologies influence kids? How useful is it to apply modern technologies in the study process? What impact does progress have on environment? What helped Japan develop so fast? Education What effect will have changing of major subject during the study process? What are the effects of becoming a top student? What will happen if a student fails an exam? What happens if a student gets caught cheating at exam? Why should students be involved in extra curriculum activities? Health How is our general health affected by our diet? Should teenagers be vaccinated? How is it to have smallpox when you are adult? What does long-term smoking lead to? If you don’t sleep during your preparations for exams what are the possible effects? Food How eating seafood does effects our health? What are the benefits of being a vegetarian? What are the outcomes of eating a lot of fast food? What are the outcomes of eating food with GMO? What causes loss of appetite? Culture Why are comedies so popular? What impact has listening to favourite music on us? Free music download: outcomes for a singer What are the possible effects of addiction to video games? Get Help with Writing Your Essay Writing your cause and effect essay does not have to make you stressed. Modern technologies help to make the process much simpler. Topic Generators If you are to chose your own topic for your essay you don’t have to browse for hours on internet to search for something interesting. You can use platforms where you will easily find topic either by different categories, by alphabet or keyword. Essay Templates There are platforms where you can find a lot of successful essay samples. Looking through several samples will help you arrange everything in your head and get a better idea of what and how you should write. Essay Checker When your essay is done, you need to check it for uniqueness. Your teacher will definitely do it to make sure you did not copy the essay from somewhere. There are websites where you can do the plagiarism checking. Essay Writing Services Reliable professional writing service has a team of cool writers who know everything about essays, are experts in their areas, and possess necessary skills for writing. At Tutoriage we have the best writers who will write your essay from scratch and assist you until it is accepted by your teacher. Essay Editing Tutoriage provides editing services for students who have written their essays and need a professional opinion, want to have possible mistakes corrected. Our editors and proofreaders will correct spelling, grammar, lexical mistakes, improve style and formatting.

Body Image Problems Are Serious And Deadly

Body Image When I hear the word body image I began to shrink inside. I have never really been comfortable in my own skin. As a child I was my own worst critic; I hated the color of my skin, my weight, to my hair. As a child my relatives would always say I was dark. So, I hated my skin color. I always wanted to be lighter because it seemed that light-skinned girls my age that were light skinned were able to get whatever they wanted. From the time I was a little girl I told myself I would get†¦ conditioned to believe that our bodies are flawed. Projected by the media consumed, fashion modeled during Fashion Week, or critics online, the message is clear: we commit the crime of imperfection simply by existing. Society shames us for this, for not fitting into the unrealistic mold cast upon us. One of the primary sources of this is body shaming, which is simply defined as â€Å"shaming someone for their particular body type†. Living in the 21st Century, anyone can be subjected to body shaming. However, the†¦ Media’s Influence on Body Image Many people would say that they are unhappy with their body. This problem can be described as low self esteem, several individuals say it is caused by mass media. Over the years the media has continued to negatively influence people’s body images, usually in a bad way. The media’s influence on body image strongly impacts the way boys and girls see themselves, causing severe insecurity and sometimes serious mental diseases. A person’s body image can be described as†¦ Essay Date Here- The Media and Female Body Image The media is everywhere. Magazines. TV shows. Movies. People are exposed to it on the daily. But, very little attention is given to whom is exposed or what messages are being conveyed. Females, young and old, from the very beginning are exposed to the broadcasting and the sorts. Image upon image of a â€Å"perfect† female are constantly drilled into their heads. Everything from â€Å"flawless† skin to â€Å"proportioned† bodies are scattered across the way and viewed†¦ me because I’m naturally thin, I always have been, but not by choice. I know that if I did not have the genes my parents gave me I would not be the same size I am today. To be honest I consider myself to be a fat person. No, I do not have a body image problem. I know I am thin, but at this point I should be extremely fat. I am constantly eating junk food, I am the one who goes to a party and instantly starts to look for the food and will shamelessly shove brownies, cupcakes, and bacon in my face†¦ Body Image in Our World How many women and men are unsatisfied with their body image? How many people could say that they have never judged someone based solely on their looks or their body figure? Body image in the world today consists of the perfect figure for both men and women. The perfect body figure resembles an in shape, healthy, and tan body. Though being skinny and being in shape are two different concepts. Many women struggle with what other people think about their body image. Becoming†¦ Social Problem of Body Image Body image is a social problem because it affects our daily lives. Body image is a perception of how one sees how they should look like (Paquette and Raine). It affects our lives by causing people to have body dissatisfaction, dieting, eating disorders, and muscle-enhancing. Surveys show that many women, regardless of their age or weight, are dissatisfied with their bodies (Paquette, Raine 1). It is known from Psychology studies that women’s self and body images are lower†¦ part of popular culture that has a large influence on the general population is how women displayed are in mass media. Women in popular culture show indirectly that being thin is successful and beautiful. With this false message transmitted, serious problems occur. The influence of women in popular culture and how they present themselves can be a breeding place for physical and emotional unrest. When women are objectified in popular culture, they set a standard on how one should appear. Popular†¦ Body Image The perfect body is something that every person wants but very few posses. Many people will do just about anything to either fit in with their community or cover up their insecurities. Women are clearly more obsess with obtaining the perfect body more than men. From an adolescent’s viewpoint, a particular body image can be particularly dangerous because it can lead to a physiological obsession, eating disorders, and physical health consequences (Berger, 2014). Adolescents can become†¦ sends. The â€Å"perfect image† projected by the media promotes a negative body image in individuals and can lead to lower self ­esteem. Body image could be defined as the way people picture themselves and how they think other people picture them. However, negative body image is a thought that is influenced by the messages the media. It is an unrealistic view of how a person pictures their body. Those who have a negative body image have critical comments and thoughts about their body, obsessively compares†¦

How Learning Strategies Have Changed and May Continue to Change in Essay - 1

How Learning Strategies Have Changed and May Continue to Change in Relation to the Application of Information Technology (IT) in Schools - Essay Example This report stresses that information technology continues to change to achieve the objective of simplicity. These changes are brought about by the need to change leadership in learning institutions as it relates to strategic planning and the role of information technology. This paper makes a conclusion that application of information technology in schools has changed the teaching and learning strategies of students and teachers. Traditional learning strategies such as classroom instructions were dropped and use of communication technologies to transfer information has been adapted in most schools. Changes in information technology have also made it possible to learn through e-learning. Communication between instructors and students has been made possible through use of information technology devices such as computer-aided instructions. Digital libraries also make it possible for students who school through e-learning to access large volumes of information. Information technology continues to change so that it can become simpler. Complexities in technology make use difficult for a number of individuals. Simplicity will ensure technology will be accepted into more learning institutions. Application of information technology can therefore raise personaliz ation of learning strategies and still ensure labor costs are kept at a minimal. This will have positive impacts as it will motivate students and improve the education system.

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Film - Essay Example She’s an elegant and beautiful girl but with a tomboy attitude and dress sense as a result of being brought up by her father and older brother, after her mother died giving birth to her. She’s frequently seen dressed in Samurai warrior attire and rarely if ever in the traditional woman’s kimono dress. Despite some of her stronger and feistier attributes, however, she is nonetheless gentle, kind and honest. The Empress is really the antagonist here although at first it seems like it may be her son, Emperor Wu. She is a strong leader and comes across at first as wise yet firm. However, despite her soft spot for her son, the Empress Shuang is hard and cruel. She is ruled by ancient social traditions and beliefs and any sign of kindness is swamped by this. Again, she is an elegant woman but her fury makes her appear ugly and After a change in the plot the protagonist has to make a new decision to achieve the goal and restore the world to some form of balance (Aside from the new relationship she has with Emperor Wu, Jiao mission is still important. However, Jiao’s heritage is discovered but her secret mission remains secret. She now must carry out an alternative plan in order to complete the mission she’s been assigned to). The year is 202 BC. Dwelling in rural China is a flourishing tribe derived from the Manchu. They are a self sufficient community that focus their efforts on farming and martial arts and traditions. They dress in traditional clothing rich in texture and colour and each and every citizen of the tribe dedicated their lives to maintaining the prosperity and ongoing happiness of the tribe. They are led by a man named Delun. He is a wise man with a greatest devotion and commitment to his people. Over the past few years Delun had led his tribe through the unification of Middle China and into the Han Dynasty with reasonable success. But now China was approaching a time where Delun

How to use marketing mix buile Chiang Rai province as a destination Dissertation

How to use marketing mix buile Chiang Rai province as a destination during winter season - Dissertation Example This report highlights on the areas such as the marketing mix which can be adopted to make this place as a favorite tourist destination. The report also highlights the way by which a tourist spot such as Chiang Rai can be developed. Another important aspect of the research paper is that it will show how segmentation in tourism can be achieved. The key findings of the project are how marketing mix influences the decision of a tourist. The other important findings are the data which shows the number of visitors coming to Thailand in a calendar year and also the expected number of turnouts in the years to come. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Literature Review 5 Research Question 10 Research Methodology 13 Conclusion 15 Reference 16 Bibliography 18 Appendix 1 19 Appendix 2 21 Introduction Siam was the name during 1940 to what we today know as Thailand. The country of Thailand resides in the heart of South East Asia. The country comprises of brilliant arts, green isl ands, an exciting nightlife and a tradition of openness towards the visitors. The nation is known to many as the home of some delicious cuisines, wonderful silks and some of the magnificent temples. These factors portray the great culture of the country. It has never been occupied by the European powers, possibly the only country in south- East Asia to have escaped it. The structure and geography of the country is that it is divided into 4 natural regions: the mountains and forests of the north; the vast rice fields in the central plains; the farm lands of the northern plateau and Tropical Island in the southern peninsula. Politically Thailand is again divided in 77 provinces such as Ang Thong, Mae Hong Son and Lop Buri, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai among others. While the capital of Thailand namely Bangkok is not a provincial area but it is referred as a special administrative area (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). All the provinces are governed by a Governor who is appointed by th e ministry of external affairs. The only contrary factor is that the Governor of Bangkok is chosen by its people through voting (Unescap, n.d.). A number of countries in Asia believe that tourism plays an important role in the economic and social development of a country. It generates foreign exchange earnings, employment and also assists in other factors. Tourism plays a major part in the economy of Thailand, contributing around 7% of the total GDP. Every year Thailand is visited by around 14 million visitors. The visitors come from different parts of the world (The Irrawaddy, 2010). The reason for this massive tourism development of the country is mainly due to the stable political situation and the availability of air transportation in Bangkok which serves as the gateway to this international venue. Industries like hotel and retail gets immensely benefited by the tourism industry. The Tourism Authority of Thailand has launched various programs to promote the tourism sector in the ir country as well as internationally with their catchy slogans like â€Å"Unseen Thailand† and â€Å"Amazing Thailand†. According to them there were nearly 19.09 million tourists who visited Thailand in 2011 which also means 19.8% growth as compared to the previous year. The tourism revenue generated around $23.08 million, which was the highest ever tourism revenue in a same calendar year. The tourists were mainly from Malaysia which accounts 2.47 million followed by China (1.76

Investment Finance-II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Investment Finance-II - Assignment Example Answer – 1: HPR, AAR and GAR The company selected for Part - A is AMP Ltd. It is a financial services company headquartered in Sydney, Australia. a) The monthly HPR (Holding Period Returns) can be calculated using the following formula: HPR = (end period value – initial value)/initial value The data for HPR is the adjusted close price of AMP Ltd starting from July 2013 to June 2015. The results of the calculation are summarized graphically below: Variance, standard deviation, maximum and minimum is calculated using the following formulas, Standard deviation = ; in excel, SD = stdev (array of numbers) Variance = (SD)2 Maximum = max (array of numbers) Minimum = min (array of numbers) The results of calculation is summarized and shown below:- The arithmetic average and geometric average of returns are calculated in excel using the functions AVERAGE (array of numbers) and GEOMEAN(array of numbers) and the results are shown below: d) Based on the given problem the number of shares bought are 11,055 as shown below The number of shares is calculated by diving available funds with adjusted close price Based on the given assumptions the total gain will be $ 23,598 as shown below

A Donors Major Gift Path with the Seven Faces Assignment

A Donors Major Gift Path with the Seven Faces - Assignment Example According to the mission, Tzu Chi does not discriminate people but it provides gifts to people without consideration of the religion. The organization is a Buddhist foundation but provides the gifts to members of other religion because it does not require the person receiving the gift to disclose the religious practice (Tzu Ch 2). Tzu Chi has many sub-organizations located in different part of the world. The sub-organizations include international medical association and the college youth association. The foundation was established in 1966 by Master Cheng Yen in Hualien, Taiwan. Other branches for Tzu Chi are located in Asia, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The organization provides services with the help of paid and volunteer staffs. The staffs are recognized in the world with their color of the uniform they ware while providing services. They ware white and blue informs known as the blue angels. The salary for the paid staff is obtained from the gifts provided by the donors. The volunteer are not paid but are given tokens for lunch and personal needs. Tzu Chi undertakes many tasks and it has different workers who provide different services. The services provided by the organization are education, medical, case management and disaster relief. The organization has staff workers who provide services in those departments. The volunteers are given task in respect to their qualification while the paid workers are employed to fill the vacant position which needs specialist or professional (Tzu Ch 5). Most of the donors come from Taiwan. Tzu Chi does not target the rich but accepts a donation from people of different class. The founder, Master Cheng Hen states that giving is the sincere privilege and not privilege of the rich. The donor who was giving out the gift was a man and due to the privacy, his name was not disclosed by the development officer.  

Huey P. Newton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Huey P. Newton - Essay Example In 1971, he announced that the Black Panther Party had stopped to use violent methods of fight and switched onto tackling the burning social issues of America’s black community (education, employment, shelter, food and water, medical care, and others). Newton was often accused of violent crimes – mostly murders, so in 1971 he had to run away to Cuba so that to avoid the lifelong imprisonment. However even from Cuba he continued to lead the Black Panthers Party, and living in this country made him even surer that socialism was an ideal political system. In 1974, on return from Cuba, Newton went to jail where he was studying philosophy and history, and in 1980 he obtained a PhD having written a thesis about the Black Panthers. In 1989, Newton was killed by a drug-dealer Tyron Robinson in Oakland. The reasons for his murder are not obvious – some think that the Black Panthers took revenge on their leader who â€Å"betrayed† them; others claim that the reasons for the murder of Huey were connected with drugs (cocaine). The regular fights between the white policemen and the Afro-American citizens in the 1960s resulted in emergence of one of the most extremists organizations in American history - Black Panther Party. One of the founders of the party was Huey P. Newton. Being an active opponent of the black people discrimination, he demanded from the write government to treat the Afro-American citizens with respect and care: eliminate unemployment, provide them with medical insurance, etc. In his actions, Newton was guided by the philosophy and political goals of Karl Marx and Mao Zedong – just as these two ideologists, he only wished for all people of the USA to be happy. Consequently, the main enemies of the â€Å"Panthers† were empowered white racists who were proclaiming the ideas of slavery and genocide of the Afro-American people. While the members of the organizations could turn into real monsters performing acts of

A Donors Major Gift Path with the Seven Faces Assignment

A Donors Major Gift Path with the Seven Faces - Assignment Example According to the mission, Tzu Chi does not discriminate people but it provides gifts to people without consideration of the religion. The organization is a Buddhist foundation but provides the gifts to members of other religion because it does not require the person receiving the gift to disclose the religious practice (Tzu Ch 2). Tzu Chi has many sub-organizations located in different part of the world. The sub-organizations include international medical association and the college youth association. The foundation was established in 1966 by Master Cheng Yen in Hualien, Taiwan. Other branches for Tzu Chi are located in Asia, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The organization provides services with the help of paid and volunteer staffs. The staffs are recognized in the world with their color of the uniform they ware while providing services. They ware white and blue informs known as the blue angels. The salary for the paid staff is obtained from the gifts provided by the donors. The volunteer are not paid but are given tokens for lunch and personal needs. Tzu Chi undertakes many tasks and it has different workers who provide different services. The services provided by the organization are education, medical, case management and disaster relief. The organization has staff workers who provide services in those departments. The volunteers are given task in respect to their qualification while the paid workers are employed to fill the vacant position which needs specialist or professional (Tzu Ch 5). Most of the donors come from Taiwan. Tzu Chi does not target the rich but accepts a donation from people of different class. The founder, Master Cheng Hen states that giving is the sincere privilege and not privilege of the rich. The donor who was giving out the gift was a man and due to the privacy, his name was not disclosed by the development officer.  

Film Production Descriptive Essay Example for Free

Film Production Descriptive Essay The development stage is one of the most crucial stages for a producer, it is where you get the chance to plan every aspect of your production before you begin pre-production and production. The chance to get the ball rolling right. During the discovery stage of the film it is the producers role to obtained rights or an option to a film that he thinks is promising, if the rights owner is worried that their novel might be tainted by a film maker the producer must come to a legal agreement to maintain a certain set of standards concerning film director, cast and art department. Pre-production Producers role is to meet with all other heads of department to discuss direction of film, intent, budget and other relevant items needed before any production is to start. Legal documentation, planning, hiring, actors, art department. It is the producers role to helm all the creative people involved in the production as well as give some creative input. Financially it is the producers role to organise financing for the film whether that be through loans, offsets, co production, investors. The producer must discuss with all heads of department information gathered during development phases. Production The producers role during production is to organise all departments into a functioning crew. The producer may often not be on set personally whilst much of the principal photography is going on, thus they will appoint executive producers, line producers and associate producers to oversee their interests during production. Post production The producer has final say in the edit and sound used for the film, what scenes are shown and ultimately whether or not more footage will need to be shot after principal photography. For example, they might want an alternate ending. Distribution Distribution is the second of the most important stages of the production process. Distribution is where you get to create an audience for your film! As a producer your goal is to obviously have people watch your production and the distribution phase is where the producer gets to plan marketing objectives and then distribution objectives. This is the most rewarding stage of the process but also the most difficult for many considering our media overloaded world. What is meant by Genre, Auteur and Mise-En-Scene. Give examples of three different feature film genres and the major elements that define each particular genre, as well as some specific examples of the genre. Also give an example of an auteur, including examples of his/her films. Give an example of two completely different mise-en-scenes for a simple dialogue scene between two people having an argument about their relationship. The basics for the genre is drama, or the type of it. In feature films there are many types of genre, for example action, horror, romance, sci-fi, comedy. Essentially drama is telling you what the film will be loosely based around. Action Action scenes where there is intense action!! Guns, Cars, Stunts, Explosions Romance Often a story about a romantic encounter, relationships, sex Comedy- Often a story with comedic elements intended for the audience to enjoy themselves and laugh An autuer is a filmmaker whos pieces of work are distinctive in terms of the cast, locale, theme and visual style and is therefore considered an author of their work. One of my favourite authors is Baz Lurhmann whos first three productions are said to be the red curtain trilogy in which each of the three films has similarities. Each film establishes their story through a established thematic device, Dancing from Strictly Ballroom, poetry from Romeo and Juliet and music in Moulin Rogue. Each film also has a plot which is based off a well known story or myth. And there is a theatre motif which appears throughout all the films. What are the various contracts and other documents a Producer is responsible for when producing a feature film? There is quite a lot of documentation and contracts that go along with a film production, all of which a producer is responsible for. Contracts and agreements range from; assignment of copyright, production and investment agreements, film producers indemnity, multi-risks insurance, safety reports, Production agreement, non-disclosure agreements, post production deals, facilities deals. Chain of Title Assignment of Copyright The assignments of rights from the original artist to the producer, therefore the producer is now able to reproduce the work. Chain of Title The chain of title in film is a set of documentation that establishes the producers right to create and market the film. Typically includes, scriptwriters agreements, development agreements option agreements and rights assignments. Buyout A re-assignment to the producer from a development investor acting on behalf of the copyright owner in a project on repayment of the development investment plus interest. Option A purchase of time for a film to develop the work. Producers typically take out options on a work for a specific time and fee. This gives them the exclusive right to develop and finance the film.m Producers indemnity Insurance which provides financial compensation for the films budget in case of the production going over budget because of death, injury or illness. Multi-risks insurance Insurance that provides compensation if any production equipment is damaged during principal photography What are the various financial sources for an Australian Film? Explain what each one is Screen Australia Screen Queensland Producer Offset This is a grant given by the government to the production after completion of the film some films use this money for the budget as they can rely on it after completion or it helps to achieve a film that will do better in distribution. Broadcasting Company grant/funding Co-Productions Grants Money that is donated to the production that does not need to be paid back

User Side And Server Side Factor

User Side And Server Side Factor In this report, I will describe and explain about user side and server side factor that can influence the performance of a website and state particular server side capabilities with consideration for limitation of equipment and software customer may be using to browse the website. User side factor: Hardware: The speed of computer system can influence the performance of the website. If the computer system is slow so the user will take a long time to load full website. The speed of computer depends on speed of RAM, ROM and CPU. Ram is plugged into RAM slots on the motherboard. It is used to storage data while Pc is on. It is volatile and temporary. There are many types of RAM kinds. Examples are: SDR RAM, DDR R AM, DDR2 RAM†¦ Rom is different to Ram. It already is designed and connected with the motherboard. So the users dont worry to connect the Rom. Rom is only enabled to read data. It is permanent and non volatile. CPU: is the most important component of computer system. It is located in CPU socket on the motherboard. It is used to processing data and programs. CPU read directives from RAM and realizes those directives. Computers processing speed depends on speed of CPU, but it also depends on other systems. CPU processes data and programs in 4 steps. There are: fetch, decode, execute, and write back. And one more important that the user must have to connect to internet is modem. Modem is the oldest interconnection devices. It is enabling communication over conventional telephone system. The term of modem is coming from modulator and demodulator. It uses a variety of technologies to assist and improve their communication. All modems can offer asynchronous communication (which dont require a common timing to occur between two devices) and synchronous communication (which is a continuous timed transmission). Modem can not affect to computer speed but it affects to internet speed. Internet connection speed: It also is an important part that can influence the performance of website. Even the users have a good computer that has very fast speed but they have slow internet speed, they also must take long time to view and browse the website. The user also must to choose the ISP (internet service provider) that will provide the internet services for them. Broadband is a good idea for the users because it is faster than Dial-up connection. Modem: Modem is also important part of internet connection. The users need it to connect to internet. Modem is the oldest interconnection devices. It is enabling communication over conventional telephone system. The term of modem is coming from modulator and demodulator. It uses a variety of technologies to assist and improve their communication. All modems can offer asynchronous communication (which dont require a common timing to occur between two devices) and synchronous communication (which is a continuous timed transmission) Virus: is software of computer. It occurs when rogue code has entered the computer system. Virus hides itself inside ordinary executable code and makes damage to data, computer system or services. Actually there are over 20000 viruses in the world. It affects the speed of computers operation and slows down the internet connection speed. Software: The users also need to install some software that can make the users easier and faster to connect to internet and browse the website. Examples are Firefox, internet explorer and flash player. Firefox and internet explorer are website browser that are used to browse the website. But I think the user should use Firefox because it is better than internet explorer. Firefox provides fast browsing speed, good security and many features. And flash player is application software that is necessary for browsing the website. It helps the web browser easier and faster loading video or flash on the website. Server side factor: Hardware: Like the user side factor, server side factor also require good speed of RAM and CPU. But server provides internet services to the users, so RAM and CPU of server should be very fast. They involve to the server speed. Server speed: Bandwidth: bandwidth is the capacity that a network connection can conduct at one time. It determines how much traffic can be handled by the web server and how much material is able to be downloaded at any one time. It can be thought of as a pipe from the web server to the users. Server operating systems: It is network operation system software that is used to run computer system. For example is window server 2003. It is the current server version of Windows and Window XP is the workstation version. Window server 2003 is similar in appearance to window NT4.0. There are many version of Window server 2003 which are Web edition, Standard edition, Enterprise edition, and Data centre edition. The different editions of window server 2003 support various hardware platforms and server role. They provide a variety of service which enables the users to interact with other users, system, and application. There are many services that are provided in window server 2003. But in this task I will explain typical services that provided by a window server 2003 directory service. Security: There are many risks for a website. They may be virus, Trojan, hacker, spyware. They can steals customers details and use them for fraud. The server should have security software to protect the system such as firewall, Norton internet security. Security also is the biggest worry for commercial website because they save all the details and information of customers that could be stolen. So the server should have a good security to protect them. Port available: it is device that is used to transfer data between a computer serial port and an Ethernet local area network. It can be used with all types of serial devices and peripherals. It is possible to use Ethernet in place of serial cables, minimizing workstation clutter and also allowing serial devices to be placed far away from the computers with which they are used. The other factors that can influence the performance of website: Web browser compatibility: The website will be browsed by web browser so web browser can affect to the website. The web browse should have all features which help the users to loading the website easier and faster such as flash player. Also web browser should have all compatibility that is needed for a website. For examples are viewing the website with difference font size, colour, etc†¦ Image: On the website, the image may be a graphic hyperlink that is used to link to other page of website. There are 2 types of image that can be used o website. They are bitmap image and vector image. Bitmap image is made up of pixels in a grid. Bitmap format is really easy to use for photos. It is fast to display because the monitor is already just a grid of colour dots, so to display them, the users are just changing the colour of the dots that are already there. But if the users want to stretch a bitmap, they just make all those dots in the photo bigger than the dots on their screen and the photos will be fuzzy. In general, bitmap format is ok for drawings, great for photos and best for the web. But it is hard to stretch, hard to convert to vector. Bitmap image is the file that has ending .bmp .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .psd, etc†¦ And some software to edit bitmap image are Microsoft Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo-Paint, Corel Paint Shop Pro, etc†¦ Vector image is difference to bitmap image. It has a lot of virtues. It is made up of many individual, scalable objects. These objects are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so it always render at the highest quality. These objects may consist of lines, curves, and shapes with editable attributes such as colour, fill, and outline. An object can be modified not only by changing its attributes. Vector image has many advantages such as be stretched to various sizes without losing quality. But it still has some disadvantage such as unsuitable for producing photo-realistic imagery. In general, vector format is great for drawings, easy to stretch, easy to convert to bitmap but it is bad for photos and the web. Vector image is the file that has ending .svg, .wmf, etc†¦ And some software to edit Vector image are adobe Illustrator, Corel draw, Xara Xtreme, Serif DrawPlus, etc†¦ Sound: Sound travels in waves. These are continuous and are called analogue. The digital sound wave samples at regular intervals with gaps so small the user ears can not perceive them. There are many types of sound file which are mp3 or wav. Mp3: It is the good sound file. It is a compressed file and is good for internet connection. It does not require much memory. It does take too long to download and retain good quality. Finally, the mp3 file has a low sample rate and therefore produces a smaller file size. It is better than other sound file such as wav. Wav: It has a high sample rate which means the sound quality is closest to that produced by the actual instruments but it is a relatively large file. Because it is a large file so it requires much memory and the user take too long to download it. It is not good for internet users. Video and animation files: Video and animation files produce very large file sizes which require much memory. So they can seriously affect the speed of website. It require long time to download and control a large proportion of bandwidth for duration download even the user use a high quality internet connection. It takes a large proportion of website space and make the website slower. There are many types of video and animation files which are following: Mp4: It is a container format which allows a combination of audio, video, subtitles and still images to be held in the one single file. It also allows for advanced content such as 3D graphics, menus and user interactivity. It can be use by many different multimedia. It has very good quality. It also allows for streaming via the internet which means the user can watch it online. AVI: It is audio video interleave file. It is a video file that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) specification. It is a large file and takes memory native to Microsoft windows. It requires a special player that may be included with the Web browser but most of PCs can play it. WMV: It is window media video file which is preferred format for windows. It is originally designed for internet streaming applications. It can be streaming and possible to use less memory faster download. Internet connection speed: The speed of the users internet connection can decide how fast the web page is loaded. There are many types of internet connection which are: Broadband: It is a network that uses a medium that can carry multiple signals simultaneously using technique called multiplexing. The most common example for broadband communications is the typical cable television network which transmits the signals corresponding to dozen if TV channels over one cable. Finally, broadband network provide very fast internet speed. It is very good for internet users. Dial-up: It is the traditional method of connection and remained popular for many years. It has an average speed of 56 Kbps. It uses the existing analogue telephone lines. ISDN: It stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a dial-up communications services that uses standard telephone lines to provide high speed digital communication. The two most common ISDN services are Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface. It could reach speeds of 128 KBps.

Hamlet †is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

  Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly. Hamlet – is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework   Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly.

Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo What Happened Before and After NATO Interven

What Happened Before and After NATO Intervened in Kosovo Imagine waking up one day to the thundering of blows given at the door telling you to â€Å"open up or be shot down.† It is the Serb police, and they are telling you that you and your whole family had to leave your home immediately. This is how it went for many Albanian people during what some Serb extremists called â€Å"demographic genocide.† This was the beginning of what many would call the Kosovo War, and it lasted from March to June 1999. After NATO’s intervention in Kosovo, something strange happened. Now the people being victimized were the Serbs and anyone who was â€Å"friendly† to them. In this paper, I will speak about what happened before and after the war in Kosovo. Most war victims during the Kosovo War were considered victims of ethnic cleansing, which is the internationally condemned practice of driving out members of other nationalities from territories that had been part of the SFRY (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) . All of this began with the presidency of Slobodan Milosevic in 1988 who was president of the Serbian League of Communists and also Serbia a year later. He began a campaign to reassert communist dominance as well as Serb dominance. He purged into countries such as Croatia and transformed its army from one that wanted to preserve Yugoslavia to one that wanted unification of all Serb populated territories and eventually create a Greater Serbia. A way that Milosevic felt he could achieve that task was through a strategy of ethnic cleansing and the expulsion and massacres of the non-Serbs. Milosevic’s main goal in Kosovo was to expel Kosovo Albanians population in an effort to ensure continued Serbian control over the province. Du... ...s to ‘peace’. We see no hope in the ‘peace.’† Bibliography: O’Niell, William G., Kosovo: An Unfinished Peace. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, Inc., 2002 Juka, S.S., Kosova: The Albanians in Yugoslavia in Light of Historical Documents. New York, NY: Waldon Press, Inc., 1984 Hosmer, Stephen T., The Conflict Over Kosovo: Why Milosevic Decided to Settle When He Did. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001 Doder, D. and Branson L., Slobodan Milosevic. Columbia University Press, 2004. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0833245 The Indictment: â€Å"Kosovo†. 11/16/2004. http://www.un.org/icty/glance/milosevic.htm Yansong, Lu and Rongbin, Xie, Post-War Kosovo Revisited. People’s Daily (Cn), November 2, 1999. http://web4.peopledaily.com.cn/english/199911/02/print19991102F108/html Post War Sufferin. 11/16/04. http://www.kosovo.com/home2.html

Customer Service Profile–Marriott Hotels

Motivate employees, train them, care about them, and make winners of them. At Marriott, we know that if we treat our employees correctly, they’ll treat the customers right, and if the customers are treated right, they’ll come back. Bill Marriot Jr. If a customer leaves a hotel or resort satisfied with the property and the service, there is a much better chance that they will return. That is an obvious reality in the industry, and in the forefront of the customer service policy of the Marriott chain of hotels.Customer response for rapid resolution to customer complaints is used by each and every Marriott Hotel and Resort. Customer Surveys are an integral part of the plan. Getting this feedback makes it possible to correct errors and enhance the customers’ overall experience as a guest. Customers are used to getting a questionnaire or a survey â€Å"after the fact† to record and advise the company of a problem and whether or not it was solved to the customer ’s satisfaction.Marriott’s goal is to provide such a survey to the customer during the stay, so that any lingering problem can be immediately resolved. If there is something wrong with the room, it should be addressed during the stay, so that no one leaves dissatisfied. The real time feedback not only resolves complaints, but has been a stream of customer suggestions which would improve the experience. These suggestions are seriously considered and many have been implemented, such as providing a billing summary available to the guests by internet or television prior to check out.Marriott Hotels and Resorts also have a Rewards program that has been frequently judged as the best in the business. Customers get points for each stay, and can apply the points either to frequent flyer miles or future vacations. This program was instituted in 1997, but there has been some form of a frequent guest program at Marriott since 1983. Many other hotels have similar â€Å"loyaltyâ₠¬  programs, and it has come to be an expectation of a lot of guests.There are many ways to earn points and over 3000 properties all over the globe where they can be earned. The points can be redeemed for a variety of things, such as cruises, hotel stays, frequent flyer miles, and even wide screen TV’s. There is even a way to donate accumulated points to charitable organizations. The above two described programs comprise Marriott’s customer service milieu. While the combination of the two prongs is very successful, there is always room for improvement or enhancement.For a great many guests, especially the frequent travelers for business or pleasure, accumulating the points towards an eventual goal is a real selling point and would certainly have the desired effect of return visits. However, for the occasional traveler, saving up enough points to have any benefit is probably not realistic. In these uncertain times, vacations and even business travel might come on to th e â€Å"chopping block†. But, even in the best of times, only a small part of the population travels quite frequently.For all these circumstances, the Reward programs is of no benefit. Again, this is not unusual for businesses to give out coupons, punch cards, or reward points that will never be used. Who doesn’t have frequent flyer miles, $10 off coupons for stores that will never again be visited, or credits towards a cruise or dinner that has expired and not used? The guest could then feel that only other people reap the â€Å"rewards†. One alternative would be to allow a guest to â€Å"opt† out of the Rewards program and instead to offer an immediate â€Å"reward. An example would be for a 2 night stay, the guest could choose from several food items to be delivered to the room, such as a late night dessert. Or, for a 3 night stay, the guest would receive a free spa visit if available on the premises. An alternate â€Å"reward† would be a coupo n for free gasoline, or something commonly available. The idea would be that for some customers who knew that the point system would not be a benefit to them, could still know that Marriott was customer oriented and that if they were to be traveling again, they would remember ot only the personal service, but that they were rewarded for just being a customer. A Review of the Marriott Rewards Program. (2010).Retrieved November 2010, from About. com: Business Travel: http://businesstravel. about. com/od/rewardsprograms/gr/marriott_reward. htm Executive Blueprint. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2010, from Case Study: Increasing Sales by Service: http://www. executiveblueprints. com/_cases/service_marriott. pdf Marriott Reward Program. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2010, from Marriott : http://www. marriott. com/rewards/rewards-program. mi